The confirmation and verification of the theory of general relativity
This work aims to show in detail the characteristics of the experiment that changed the physics in 1919. Alberto Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity in 1915, but this theory go to science as a true fact then of experiments conducted in 1919, on the basis of this theory accepted scientifically was developed the theory of the big bang and almost all explanations in astronomy. The scientists who made the experiment during the eclipse of may 29, 1919. They believed that the displacement of the stars in the sky, was due to the curvature of space time due to gravity of the sun, and not by the optical effect produced by the water crystals in the atmosphere, in the entire sky observed from earth.The data in the experiment of the eclipse of 1919 the only error that has, is that its data fail to prove the theory of relativity for which it was designed, which proposed that the gravity of the Sun, produces a curvature of light, and therefore the data was often examined, otherwise the theory of relativity never have been discussed. Nature does not have to cooperate with the theory!
"Star not where they seemed or were calculated to be, but nobody need worry"New York times headline of November 10, 1919.
Writing in our issue of November 15, 1919. Dr. A.C. Crommelin, one of the British observers, said: “ (Einstein’s theory)… it is of profound philosophical interest. Straight lines in Einstein´s space cannot exist; they are parts of gigantic curves,”
The solar eclipse of May 29, 1919. It was the scientific event more mediatic of the 20th century, which presented as the experiment that would give a winner between the two currents of scientific thinking of the epoch, between Newton and Einstein old science and the new science. And based on two similar theories, were prepared to explain the data of the experiment conducted by the famed astrophysicist sir Arthur Eddington.
The data of the experiment have been questioned many times, by some scientists, but analyzing the data from a modern perspective, we can say, that neither of the two theories explains satisfactorily the displacement of all the stars in the sky, and as we understand the words of Albert Einstein, "only 12 wise men in the world can understand relativity". Which apparently is checked with data opposed to his approach, then on the death of the 12 wise, the world remained without anybody who could understand like the experiment of the solar eclipse of 1919, verified the relativity.
But a current understanding of the effect lens, produced by the water crystals at the top of the atmosphere, could be the answer to the explanation of the displacement of the light from the stars in the sky, which are seen in the data of the experiment of the 1919 eclipse.
What is gravitational lens? In Astrophysics a gravitational lens, also known as gravitational lens, is formed when the light from brilliant and distant objects like quasars is curved around a massive object (such as a Galaxy) between the emitting object and the receiver.
Gravitational lenses were predicted by Einstein's general relativity theory. In 1919 it is failed to prove the accuracy of the prediction. During a solar eclipse the astronomer Arthur Eddington observed is how curving the trajectory of the light coming from distant stars passing close to the Sun, producing an apparent displacement of their positions.
The TRG predicts that light when passing close to a large gravitational field (for example, near a star), its trajectory would bend, as is the case with a body that runs nearby.
When a ray of light passes close to the Sun its trajectory is affected since space-time is strongly curved in a setting of the Sun.
How was the experiment and that it was observed in the solar eclipse of 1919?
“STARLIGHT BENT BY THE SUN´S ATTRACTION”: THE EINSTEIN THEORY.
THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, Nov. 22, 1919. - 815
Writing in our issue of November 15, Dr. A.C. Crommelin, one of the British observers, said: “The eclipse was especially favourable for the purpose, there being no fewer than twelve fairly bright stars near the limb of the sun. The process of observation consisted in taking photographs of these stars during totality, and comparing them with other plates of the same region taken when the sun was not in the neighborhood. Then if the starlight is bent by the sun’s attraction, the stars on the eclipse plates would seem to be pushed outward compared with those on the supporting. (Einstein’s theory)… it is of profund philosophical interest. Straight lines in Einstein´s space cannot exist; they are parts of gigantic curves,”
Eddington, who led the experiment, first measured the “true” positions of the stars during January and February 1919. Then in May he went to the remote island of Príncipe (in the Gulf of Guinea off the west coast of Africa) to measure the stars’ positions during the eclipse, as viewed through the sun’s gravitational lens.
Eddington, who led the experiment, first measured the “true” positions of the stars during January and February 1919. Then in May he went to the remote island of Príncipe (in the Gulf of Guinea off the west coast of Africa) to measure the stars’ positions during the eclipse, as viewed through the sun’s gravitational lens.
At first sight it would appear that the movement of the stars by the gravity of the sun is not in accordance with the theory of general relativity, but to quote what we see in the picture in words of scientists.
By Brown (1967), “Eddington was based this assessment in a premature of the photographic plate. Initially, the star doesn't "seem" bend as they should, as was required by Einstein, but then, according to Brown, the unexpected happened: several stars were then observed bending in a direction transverse to the direction expected, and other more doubling in a direction opposite to that predicts the relativity”.
According to Poor.1930, "Really the displacements of the stars in minimal grade do not present the similarities foreseen by Einstein; neither of the direction, nor of the sizes, nor the grade of its fall with distance of the Sun".
How it was explained the experiment in 1919?
If the starlight is bent by the sun’s attraction, the stars on the eclipse plates would seem to be pushed outward compared with those on the supporting.
The explanation that we see in the 1919 illustration shows a shift towards the outside of the Sun opposite to the force of attraction that should produce gravity.
McCausland (2001) quotes the former editor of the journal Nature, Sir John Maddox:
"What is not so well documented is that measurements in 1919 were not very accurate"
"Despite the fact that the experimental evidence for relativity seems to have been very weak in 1919, enormous fame of Einstein has been kept intact and his theory since then has been considered one of the greatest achievements of human thought"
The BIPP asked:
"Was this the deception of the century?" and then said: "the relativity of the Eclipse of 1919 the Royal Society report deceived us for 80 years!"
McCausland said, "In the author's opinion, the confident announcement of decisive confirmation of Einstein's general theory in November 1919 was not a triumph of science, as it is often portrayed, but it is one of the most unfortunate incidents in the history of science of the 20th century".
The problem of why the theory of relativity continued to increase its strength, although the data of the experiment of 1919 did not correspond with the theory, it was because the critics were still another current of thought very similar, which thought that the displacement of the light of the stars, is explained with the theory of gravitation by Newton, but now the data should be analyzed again from the point of view that the displacement of the light of the stars was due to the effect of the atmosphere in the data.
McCausland said, "In the author's opinion, the confident announcement of decisive confirmation of Einstein's general theory in November 1919 was not a triumph of science, as it is often portrayed, but it is one of the most unfortunate incidents in the history of science of the 20th century".
The problem of why the theory of relativity continued to increase its strength, although the data of the experiment of 1919 did not correspond with the theory, it was because the critics were still another current of thought very similar, which thought that the displacement of the light of the stars, is explained with the theory of gravitation by Newton, but now the data should be analyzed again from the point of view that the displacement of the light of the stars was due to the effect of the atmosphere in the data.
Conclusion;
The experiment which confirmed the theory of relativity in 1919,, when was took the data that shows the displacement of the stars by the lens effect produced by the sun, were not taken into account the effect of lens produced in the atmosphere by the crystals of water (which was not known at the time), as I have explained in other blog, In addition the results in the experiment, were apparently contrary to the approaches suggested by the theory of relativity of Einstein, also gravity produced by the Sun would not have sufficient force as to displacement the great number of stars as we see in the explanations taken from a clipping of the era, with which we can conclude based on displacement of the star , the lens effect observed in 1919 was not due to the gravity of the Sun, but to the optical effect produced by the atmosphere.
To the measurements of the experiment of the eclipse of 1919 made by Sir Arthur Eddington, many analyses have been made it, but the only error that has the data of the experiment, is that it does not test the theory for which it was done, because nature does not cooperate with the theory.
To the measurements of the experiment of the eclipse of 1919 made by Sir Arthur Eddington, many analyses have been made it, but the only error that has the data of the experiment, is that it does not test the theory for which it was done, because nature does not cooperate with the theory.
Bibliography;
http://www.wired.com/2009/05/dayintech_0529/
http://es.metapedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein#cite_ref-10
http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/esp_einsteinsp.htm
The deflection of light as observed at total solar eclipses Authors: Poor, Charles Lane Publication: Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol. 2, issue 4, p.173 Publication Date: 04/1930 Origin:
The deflection of light as observed at total solar eclipses Authors: Poor, Charles Lane Publication: Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol. 2, issue 4, p.173 Publication Date: 04/1930 Origin:
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